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Pull-down resistor ; why is it crucial

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Three test cases

These 3 diagrams represent 3 test cases.

Dia 1:

When I perform an analogRead of analog port 0, then I get a high value obviously. According to the manual, the analogRead method obtains the resistance. I expected it would say that it returns the voltage. Anyway, in this case both are directly proportional.

Dia 2:

With a resistor + pull-down resistor, the reading of the analog port 0 decreased.

Dia 3:

However, I would have expected that dia3 would also result in a decreased value.

My reasoning was: The supplied voltage of 5V is constant. So, it must be divided between the resistor and analog port 0. A bigger resistor should result in a higher voltage for the resistor, and a lower one for the analog input. –> But that seems to be incorrect.

Second attempt: The analog port reads resistance and not voltage. Maybe that’s important. R = V / I. Apparently the resistance remains the same. So, applying this formula: if resistance remains constant and voltage decreases, then it could be caused by an increasing current. But it doesn’t make sense that the current would increase by adding a resistor.

PS: if I add the analog pin to ground, then I get a low reading.

Where exactly is my reasoning flawed ?

EDIT:

As many people have pointed out. I have indeed wrongfully interpreted the following phrase in this tutorial. Thank you for pointing that out to me.

in the main loop of your code, you need to establish a variable to store the resistance value.


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